Derecho de tanteo y retracto

Preferential acquisition rights: they allow certain people to buy a property with priority over any third party, at the same price. The tanteo operates before the sale (the owner must notify the conditions and await the answer) and the retracto afterwards (the beneficiary undoes the completed sale and steps into the buyer's place). The cases that matter most in practice: the tenant with a housing lease, unless expressly waived in the contract; the co-owners, if one sells their share to a stranger; the neighbouring owners of small rural plots; and the Administration in protected housing and in areas where regional rules reserve it. The deadlines are very short — thirty calendar days in tenancies — and notifications must be reliably documented: skipping them exposes the buyer to losing the home.